Immediate Adverse Reaction and SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Receptor Binding Domain IgG of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Health Staffs.

OBJECTIVE: To contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several vaccines have been developed. This study is intended to elucidate the level of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G (anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG) antibodies for COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer BioNTech [BNT162b2], Oxford/AstraZeneca [ChAdOx1], and Sinopharm [BBIBP-CorV]) among health staff from health facilities in Duhok province, and it explored the immediate adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccines among participants. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted from June 1, 2021, to June 30, 2022, and 300 participants were included through simple random sampling. RESULTS: The immune response 1 mo after the second dose was significantly higher than the sustained immune after 5 and 9 mo as results revealed that, in 100% of study samples who had (ChAdOx1) vaccine, their antibody titers exceeded the positivity threshold of 1 AU/m, while 96% for (BNT162b2) and 90% for (BBIBP-CorV) for the first test after 1 mo from the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, and these rates were reduced to 94.6% for (ChAdOx1), 97.8% for (BNT162b2), and 81.9% for (BBIBP-CorV) at 5 mo after the second dose, while simultaneously the seropositivity rates were more reduced at 9 mo to 46.5% for (ChAdOx1), 67.5% for (BNT162b2), and 9.20% for (BBIBP-CorV). In terms of adverse reactionsss, fever was reported as the most prevalent after the first dose in 58% for ChAdOx1, 43% for BNT162b2, and 23% for BBIBP-CorV, followed by muscle pain, joint pain, and shoulder pain for both doses. CONCLUSIONS: The implications of the findings from this study are that higher and potentially longer antibody responses can be obtained if the BNT162b2 is given as compared with the other 2 vaccines. Moreover, the booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine are highly recommended because more than 50% of the participants either have become anti-spike protein negative or have a deficient level of anti-spike protein against COVD-19 vaccines.

IgG level of the third booster dose for mRNA of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among Iraqi healthcare workers.

Mass vaccination is an effective method for controlling the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and limiting the consequent mortality due to severe COVID-19. After the second dose, immunity can decline in certain cases over time; therefore, a third booster dose should be administered. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the immunogenicity of the third dose of the messenger ribonucleic acid BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and determine the effect of the third booster dose of messenger ribonucleic acid COVID-19 vaccines, specifically (Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine/AZD1222), BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, and Sinopharm among healthcare workers. This longitudinal panel design was conducted with 256 healthcare workers in Duhok Province, Iraq, from June to October 2022. Most participants had a normal body mass index (44% and 41% in the first and second phase, respectively). In the first phase, significant associations were observed between COVID-19 vaccines and positivity (P value ≤ .001), and between age groups and positivity (P value = .001). The mean severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G antibody level in the ninth month was the highest among those who had received the Pfizer vaccine (6.7930), followed by AstraZeneca (2.8492), and Sinopharm (0.3060). In the 12th month, all 82 participants received Pfizer as a booster dose, and the highest mean SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G antibody in the 12th month belonged to those whose second dose was Pfizer (46.8835), followed by AstraZeneca (36.4635), and Sinopharm (21.7815). The Pfizer vaccine is highly effective in restoring SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses and is well-tolerated. However, further investigation is required to determine the duration of disease protection of the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.